Pre-service Teachers: Reflections on Observed Practice

Reflective practice serves as a powerful pedagogical strategy for teachers—especially those in low-resource, rural areas. This qualitative case study looked at secondary education pre-service teachers in their first education course. Analysis of focus observation essays data indicated that pre-service teachers were incorporating reflective practice in their field observations, but were not addressing issues of diversity – specifically race and socio-economic status. This study is significant for understanding how pre-service teachers engage in reflective practices with respect to diversity

NOTES ON THE DUVALIUS SPECIES OF THE TAYGETOS MASSIF (PELOPONNESE, SOUTHERN GREECE), WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE FEATURES OF DUVALIUS (DUVALIUS) MIREI DEUVE, 2001 (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)

Four species of genus Duvalius (sensu stricto) are known so far from caves and upper hypogean zone (M.S.S.) in the Taygetos massif (Peloponnese, Southern Greece): Duvalius (Duvalius) taygetanus Casale, 1979, D. (D.) genesti Casale & Vigna Taglianti, 1984, D. (D.) diaphanus (Rottenberg, 1874), and D. (D.) mirei Deuve, 2001. Two of them, D. diaphanus and D. mirei, are large sized, sibling species with reduced but still evident and pigmented eyes, syntopic at high altitude above 2000 m a.s.l.. The male features and characters of the male genitalia of D. mirei are here described for the first time, and compared with those of D. diaphanus. Furthermore, a key for identification of the four sympatric Duvalius species known so far from Taygetos Mt. is provided

Community Engagement through Interactive Field-Based Activities

This qualitative case study consisted of social justice interactive field-based experiential learning activities designed to understand community partnerships between a university and local public school. The research question was: How can interactive field-based activities build closer community ties? The theoretical foundation incorporated Ken Zeichner’s “hybrid spaces” with the premise of field-based interactive experiences. The findings indicated the need for further activities that create partnerships between teacher education programs and neighboring public schools

Immunomodulators for Asthma

New information regarding the molecular mechanisms of allergic disorders has led to a variety of novel therapeutic approaches. This article briefly reviews the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases, discusses the rationale behind using immunomodulators in these diseases; and examines the therapeutic effects of immunomodulators on allergic diseases. There are a number of immunomodulators that have been developed for the treatment of allergic disorders. Some have looked very promising in pre-clinical trials, but have not shown significant benefits in human clinical trials thus indicating the disparity between mouse models and human asthma. This review focuses on immunomodulators that are in human clinical trials and not molecules in pre-clinical development

Schulklima und Pädagogik bei Gefühls- und Verhaltensstörungen. Aktueller Forschungsstand und erste Ergebnisse bei Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Symptomverhalten

Das Schulklima wird mittlerweile seit einigen Jahrzehnten aus verschiedenen wissenschaftstheoretischen Perspektiven erforscht. Relativ gut gesichert ist dabei unter anderem, dass ein positives Schulklima einen schützenden Einfluss auf die psychosoziale Gesundheit der an Schule beteiligten Akteure (v.a. Schülerinnen und Schüler, Lehrkräfte, Eltern) hat. Damit hat das Thema eine unmittelbare Relevanz für die Pädagogik bei Gefühls- und Verhaltensstörungen bzw. die Arbeit im Förderschwerpunkt der Emotionalen und sozialen Entwicklung (ESE). Der vorliegende Beitrag arbeitet die Bedeutung des Schulklimas für die Pädagogik bei Gefühls- und Verhaltensstörungen heraus. Dafür wird zunächst der aktuelle Forschungsstand zusammengefasst. Davon ausgehend werden wissenschaftliche Herausforderungen herausgearbeitet. Anschließend wird anhand einer empirischen Studie mit Schülerinnen und Schülern aus der Sekundarstufe I aufgezeigt, inwiefern diese Herausforderungen wissenschaftlich adressiert werden können. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen der Intensität von Symptomen einer Gefühls- und Verhaltensstörung und dem Schulklima bestehen. Außerdem unterscheiden sich Schülerinnen und Schüler am Gymnasium und an der Förderschule mit dem Schwerpunkt Emotionale und soziale Entwicklung signifikant in ihrer Wahrnehmung des Schulklimas. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion hinsichtlich der Besonderheiten zur Schulklimaforschung in der Pädagogik bei Verhaltensstörungen. (DIPF/Orig.

Immunomodulation in the treatment and/or prevention of bronchial asthma

ABSTRACTThe immunologic hallmark of atopic allergy and asthma is an increased production of IgE and T helper (h) type 2 cell cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13) by Th cells reacting to common environmental allergens. All of us inhale allergens and healthy non-atopics produce allergen-specific IgG1, IgG4 and the Th1 cytokine interferon-α, as well as IL-12 from macrophages. We now have many modalities of immunomodulation to decrease the effect of IL-4 or IL-5 or production and level of IgE or agents to shift the immune response from a Th2 to a Th1 response, thereby decreasing the allergic inflammatory response in the airways. In the present review we focus on conventional immunotherapy, mycobacterial vaccines, DNA vaccines using cytosine guanosine, inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 and anti-IgE: Omalizumab

The effect of extraction methodology on the recovery and distribution of naphthenic acids of oilfield produced water

Comprehensive chemical characterization of naphthenic acids (NAs) in oilfield produced water is a challenging task due to sample complexity. The recovery of NAs from produced water, and the corresponding distribution of detectable NAs are strongly influenced by sample extraction methodologies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the extraction method on chemical space (i.e. the total number of chemicals present in a sample), relative recovery, and the distribution of NAs in a produced water sample. Three generic and pre-established extraction methods (i.e. liquid-liquid extraction (Lq), and solid phase extraction using HLB cartridges (HLB), and the combination of ENV+ and C8 (ENV) cartridges) were employed for our evaluation. The ENV method produced the largest number of detected NAs (134 out of 181) whereas the HLB and Lq methods produced 108 and 91 positive detections, respectively, in the tested produced water sample. For the relative recoveries, the ENV performed better than the other two methods. The uni-variate and multi-variate statistical analysis of our results indicated that the ENV and Lq methods explained most of the variance observed in our data. When looking at the distribution of NAs in our sample the ENV method appeared to provide a more complete picture of the chemical diversity of NAs in that sample. Finally, the results are further discussed

The Role of Aeroallergen Sensitization Testing in Asthma Management

Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Effects of a high-intensity interval training on the symptom-specific classroom behavior of students with attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich das symptomspezifische Unterrichtsverhalten von zwei Erstklässlern mit einer Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) während eines Hochintensiven Intervalltrainings (HIIT) entwickelt und welches Muster die Verhaltensentwicklung während der Interventionsphase zeigt. In einer kontrollierten Einzelfallstudie mit AB-Design wurden zwei Erstklässler einer Förderschule mit dem sonderpädagogischen Förderschwerpunkt Emotionale und soziale Entwicklung sowie einer fachärztlich diagnostizierten ADHS über einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen mit einem HIIT bestehend aus einer Aufwärmphase, einer anschließenden Erholungsphase, drei Belastungsintervallen und jeweils drei dazwischenliegenden Erholungsphasen gefördert. In den Messzeitpunkten der A- (n = 14) und B-Phasen (n = 19) wurde das symptomspezifische Unterrichtsverhalten über Direct Behavior Rating Multiple-Item-Skalen (DBR-MIS) erfasst. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte durch die Überlappungskennwerte NAP und Tau-U sowie über Piecewise Linear Regression Modelle (PLM). Die Ergebnisse sind insgesamt uneindeutig, zeigen allerdings bei beiden Schülern substantielle Verhaltensverbesserungen mit moderaten Effekten während des HIIT, die sich insbesondere für das unaufmerksame Unterrichtsverhalten zeigen. Entgegen unserer Hypothese treten die Verhaltensverbesserungen stärker unmittelbar nach Einführung des Trainings und nicht kontinuierlich über die Zeit ein, allerdings ohne signifikante Level- oder Slope-Effekte. Das HIIT stellt somit eine vielversprechende schulische Fördermethode für Schüler*innen mit ADHS dar, wenngleich weitere Wirksamkeitsnachweise fehlen und zukünftige Studien die zwischen Sport und Verhalten moderierenden Faktoren (v. a. die kognitive Performanz) systematisch untersuchen sollten. (DIPF/Orig.)The present study investigated to what extent the symptom-specific classroom behavior of two first graders with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) developed during High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and what pattern the behavioral development showed during the intervention phase. In a controlled single-case study with AB design, two first graders of a special school with special educational needs in emotional and social development and a formal ADHD diagnosis participated in a HIIT over a period of four weeks. The HIIT consisted of a warm-up phase, a subsequent recovery phase, three load intervals and three intervening recovery phases each. At the measurement points of the A (n = 14) and B (n = 19) phases, symptom-specific classroom behavior was measured using Direct Behavior Rating Multiple-Item Scales (DBR-MIS). Data analysis was performed using the overlap indices NAP and Tau-U and Piecewise Linear Regression models (PLM). Results were mixed, but substantial behavioral improvements with moderate effects occured during HIIT for both students, especially for inattentive classroom behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, the behavioral improvements were stronger immediately after the introduction of training and not continuously over time, although neither significant level nor slope effects were identified in the PLM models. HIIT shows the potential as a school support method for students with ADHD, although more evidence about the effects is necessary, and future studies should systematically investigate the moderating factors between exercise and behavior (especially cognitive performance). (DIPF/Orig.